Learn how to use relative clauses
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi, everyone, and welcome back to SwahiliPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1, Lesson 13 - A Not-so-serious Addiction in Kenya. John here. |
| Medina: Hamjambo, I'm Medina. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll learn about relative clauses. The conversation takes place in a class. |
| Medina: It's between a teacher and Victor. |
| John: The speakers are a teacher and student, therefore, they will speak formal Swahili. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Mwalimu: Leo tutajifunza kuhusu shirika. |
| Victor: Shiriki madawa? |
| Mwalimu: Kwa njia moja, ndio. Ni dawa ya kila siku ambayo wengi wetu hutumia kila siku. |
| Rehema: Hilo ni nini? Pombe? |
| Mwalimu: Kahawa! Ni dawa kichocheo kinacho athiri ubongo na uti wa mgongo. |
| Rehema: Samahani kwa kukatiza, uti wa mgongo unamaanisha nini? |
| Mwalimu: Nimfupa wa katikati kwa mgongo. Kawaha lina athari ya kisaikolojia inayofanya uwekimacho. |
| Frank: Samahani tena, athari gani ya kisaikolojia? |
| Mwalimu: Swali nzuri… kuongezeka kwa papio la moyo na mtiririko wa damu hivyo kuongeza shinikizo la damu. |
| Mark: Tuwache kukunywa kahawa? |
| Mwalimu: Sio lazima, lakini ni vyema uwe na mipaka. |
| John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Teacher: Today, we will look at addiction. |
| Victor: Drug addiction? |
| Teacher: In a way, yes. An everyday drug that most of us are in a habit of using. |
| Rehema: What could that be? Beer? |
| Teacher: Coffee! It's a stimulant that affects the brain and the Central Nervous System (CNS). |
| Rehema: Sorry for interrupting... could you explain what CNS means? |
| Teacher: It's basically the brain and spinal cord. Caffeine causes psychological reactions that keep you alert. |
| Frank: Sorry again... what kind of psychological reactions? |
| Teacher: Good question... increase in heartbeat and blood flow, thus increasing your blood pressure. |
| Mark: Should we stop drinking coffee? |
| Teacher: You don't have to, but you need to set limits. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: Coffee can be very addictive. |
| Medina: Yes, it can. You should be careful with how much you drink. |
| John: Saying that, I think that coffee is something that people associate with Kenya. |
| Medina: Right. Kenyan coffee beans are popular around the world due to its flavor. |
| John: I’m sure it’s something that tourists in Kenya are eager to taste. |
| Medina: Unfortunately, much of the coffee that Kenya produces is actually exported, because Kenyans prefer tea. This is a holdover from British colonization. |
| John: There has to be some coffee though, right? |
| Medina: Yes, there is kahawa chungu, the traditional bitter coffee drink found in and around Mombasa. |
| John: How about western style cafes? You can’t go anywhere in a Western city without finding several cafes. |
| Medina: They’re slowly coming into the cities and tourist places. There are also restaurants like Java House, Dormans, and Artcaffe. |
| John: So coffee culture is becoming more popular? |
| Medina: Yes, more people are grabbing a latte on the way to work in the morning, but it’s being balanced with the tea culture. |
| John: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Medina: madawa [natural native speed] |
| John: drug |
| Medina: madawa [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Medina: madawa [natural native speed] |
| John: Next, we have... |
| Medina: pombe [natural native speed] |
| John: beer |
| Medina: pombe [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Medina: pombe [natural native speed] |
| John: Next, there’s... |
| Medina: kahawa [natural native speed] |
| John: coffee |
| Medina: kahawa [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Medina: kahawa [natural native speed] |
| John: Next up is... |
| Medina: kichocheo [natural native speed] |
| John: stimulant |
| Medina: kichocheo [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Medina: kichocheo [natural native speed] |
| John: Next, we have... |
| Medina: katiza [natural native speed] |
| John: to interrupt |
| Medina: katiza[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Medina: katiza [natural native speed] |
| John: Next up is... |
| Medina: uti wa mgongo [natural native speed] |
| John: spinal cord |
| Medina: uti wa mgongo [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Medina: uti wa mgongo [natural native speed] |
| John: Then, we have... |
| Medina: saikolojia [natural native speed] |
| John: psychology |
| Medina: saikolojia [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Medina: saikolojia [natural native speed] |
| John: Next, we have... |
| Medina: papio la moyo [natural native speed] |
| John: heartbeat |
| Medina: papio la moyo [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Medina: papio la moyo [natural native speed] |
| John: And lastly... |
| Medina: shinikizo [natural native speed] |
| John: blood pressure |
| Medina: shinikizo [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Medina: shinikizo [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Medina: dawa kichocheo |
| John: ...meaning "stimulant drug." |
| John: Can you break these two words down for us? |
| Medina: The first word, dawa, can mean “drug” or “medicine.” The second word kichocheo means “stimulant.” |
| John: It’s often used to talk about medicines that are stimulants. |
| Medina: You can use dawa with other words to specify other types of medicine. |
| John: Can you use the second word in other situations? |
| Medina: Yes, kichocheo can mean other things such as “motivation” or “incentive.” |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Medina: Sure. For example, you can say Nasikia dawa kichocheo ni bora kwa moyo. |
| John: ...which means "I hear stimulant drugs are good for the heart." |
| John: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Medina: athari ya kisaikolojia |
| John: ...meaning "psychological effect." |
| Medina: Athari means “effect,” ya is a preposition similar to “of,” and kisaikolojia is an English loanword. |
| John: It means “psychology.” So all together, it means “psychological effect.” |
| Medina: Athari has many different meanings. |
| John: It can also mean "impact," "defect," and "influence." |
| Medina: So it can be used in other contexts. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Medina: Sure. For example, you can say Kukosa kulala vizuri inaathari ya kisaikolojia. |
| John: ...which means "Lack of proper sleep has psychological effects." |
| John: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Medina: shinikizo la damu |
| John: ...meaning "blood pressure." |
| John: Let’s break this one down. |
| Medina: The first word is shinikizo, which means “pressure.” Next is the preposition la (“of”) and finally damu. |
| John: Which means “blood.” So together the phrase means “blood pressure.” |
| Medina: Shinikizo can also mean “force.” |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Medina: Sure. For example, you can say Shinikizo juu ya damu ndio iliyomuua. |
| John: ...which means "High blood pressure is what killed him." |
| John: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn about relative clauses. Relative clauses provide extra information. In English, they are words such as “that,” “which” and “who.” |
| Medina: Relative clauses in Swahili usually take the amba- form when used with noun classes and personal pronouns. |
| John: How is it used with noun classes? |
| Medina: The relative amba- takes a relative pronoun, which can be used as the infix in the -o- form. |
| John: There is a table in the lesson notes that shows several examples. In this audio lesson though, let’s concentrate on some sample sentences. |
| Medina: Kitabu ambacho kilipotea kimepatikana. |
| John: “The book that got lost has been found.” |
| Medina: Ni mimi ambaye nilisoma kitabu hicho. |
| John: “It is I who read that book.” |
| Medina: Vitabu ambavyo vilipotea vimepatikana. |
| John: “The books that got lost have been found.” |
| Medina: When using the -amba form with the -o- reference, the relative pronoun is used instead. |
| John: Again, there is a table of word examples in the lesson notes. Now, let’s hear some sample sentences. |
| Medina: Kitabu kilichopotea kimepatikana. |
| John: “The book that was lost has been found.” |
| Medina: Vitabu vilivyopotea vimepatikana. |
| John: “The books that were lost have been found.” |
| Medina: Nisisi tuliosoma vitabu hivyo. |
| John: “It is we who read those books.” Let’s finish this lesson by looking at some specific expressions for addiction. |
| Medina: dawa ya kulevya |
| John: “intoxicating drugs” |
| Medina: shiriki madawa ya kulevya |
| John: “to be addicted to drugs” |
| Medina: kujikunyata |
| John: “to be depressed” |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Medina: Tuonane! |
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